MySQL中隐式转换的示例分析
这篇文章主要介绍MySQL中隐式转换的示例分析，文中介绍的非常详细，具有一定的参考价值，感兴趣的小伙伴们一定要看完！
成都创新互联公司是一家集网站建设,酉阳土家族苗族企业网站建设,酉阳土家族苗族品牌网站建设,网站定制,酉阳土家族苗族网站建设报价,网络营销,网络优化,酉阳土家族苗族网站推广为一体的创新建站企业，帮助传统企业提升企业形象加强企业竞争力。可充分满足这一群体相比中小企业更为丰富、高端、多元的互联网需求。同时我们时刻保持专业、时尚、前沿，时刻以成就客户成长自我，坚持不断学习、思考、沉淀、净化自己，让我们为更多的企业打造出实用型网站。
一、问题描述
root@mysqldb 22:12: [xucl]> show create table t1\G *************************** 1. row *************************** Table: t1 Create Table: CREATE TABLE `t1` ( `id` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 1 row in set (0.00 sec) root@mysqldb 22:19: [xucl]> select * from t1; +--------------------+ | id | +--------------------+ | 204027026112927605 | | 204027026112927603 | | 2040270261129276 | | 2040270261129275 | | 100 | | 101 | +--------------------+ 6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
奇怪的现象：
root@mysqldb 22:19: [xucl]> select * from t1 where id=204027026112927603; +--------------------+ | id | +--------------------+ | 204027026112927605 | | 204027026112927603 | +--------------------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
什么鬼，明明查的是204027026112927603，为什么204027026112927605也出来了
二、源码解释
堆栈调用关系如下所示：
其中JOIN::exec()是执行的入口，Arg_comparator::compare_real()是进行等值判断的函数，其定义如下
int Arg_comparator::compare_real()
{
/*
Fix yet another manifestation of Bug#2338. 'Volatile' will instruct
gcc to flush double values out of 80-bit Intel FPU registers before
performing the comparison.
*/
volatile double val1, val2;
val1= (*a)->val_real();
if (!(*a)->null_value)
{
val2= (*b)->val_real();
if (!(*b)->null_value)
{
if (set_null)
owner->null_value= 0;
if (val1 < val2) return -1;
if (val1 == val2) return 0;
return 1;
}
}
if (set_null)
owner->null_value= 1;
return -1;
}比较步骤如下图所示，逐行读取t1表的id列放入val1，而常量204027026112927603存在于cache中，类型为double类型（2.0402702611292762E+17），所以到这里传值给val2后val2=2.0402702611292762E+17。
当扫描到第一行时，204027026112927605转成doule的值为2.0402702611292762e17，等式成立，判定为符合条件的行，继续往下扫描，同理204027026112927603也同样符合
如何检测string类型的数字转成doule类型是否溢出呢?这里经过测试，当数字超过16位以后，转成double类型就已经不准确了，例如20402702611292711会表示成20402702611292712（如图中val1）
MySQL string转成double的定义函数如下：
{
char buf[DTOA_BUFF_SIZE];
double res;
DBUG_ASSERT(end != NULL && ((str != NULL && *end != NULL) ||
(str == NULL && *end == NULL)) &&
error != NULL);
res= my_strtod_int(str, end, error, buf, sizeof(buf));
return (*error == 0) ? res : (res < 0 ? -DBL_MAX : DBL_MAX);
}真正转换函数my_strtod_int位置在dtoa.c（太复杂了，简单贴个注释吧）
/* strtod for IEEE--arithmetic machines. This strtod returns a nearest machine number to the input decimal string (or sets errno to EOVERFLOW). Ties are broken by the IEEE round-even rule. Inspired loosely by William D. Clinger's paper "How to Read Floating Point Numbers Accurately" [Proc. ACM SIGPLAN '90, pp. 92-101]. Modifications: 1. We only require IEEE (not IEEE double-extended). 2. We get by with floating-point arithmetic in a case that Clinger missed -- when we're computing d * 10^n for a small integer d and the integer n is not too much larger than 22 (the maximum integer k for which we can represent 10^k exactly), we may be able to compute (d*10^k) * 10^(e-k) with just one roundoff. 3. Rather than a bit-at-a-time adjustment of the binary result in the hard case, we use floating-point arithmetic to determine the adjustment to within one bit; only in really hard cases do we need to compute a second residual. 4. Because of 3., we don't need a large table of powers of 10 for ten-to-e (just some small tables, e.g. of 10^k for 0 <= k <= 22). */
既然是这样，我们测试下没有溢出的案例
root@mysqldb 23:30: [xucl]> select * from t1 where id=2040270261129276; +------------------+ | id | +------------------+ | 2040270261129276 | +------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) root@mysqldb 23:30: [xucl]> select * from t1 where id=101; +------+ | id | +------+ | 101 | +------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
结果符合预期，而在本例中，正确的写法应当是
root@mysqldb 22:19: [xucl]> select * from t1 where id='204027026112927603'; +--------------------+ | id | +--------------------+ | 204027026112927603 | +--------------------+ 1 row in set (0.01 sec)
三、结论
避免发生隐式类型转换，隐式转换的类型主要有字段类型不一致、in参数包含多个类型、字符集类型或校对规则不一致等
隐式类型转换可能导致无法使用索引、查询结果不准确等，因此在使用时必须仔细甄别
数字类型的建议在字段定义时就定义为int或者bigint，表关联时关联字段必须保持类型、字符集、校对规则都一致
最后贴一下官网对于隐式类型转换的说明吧
1、If one or both arguments are NULL, the result of the comparison is NULL, except for the NULL-safe <=> equality comparison operator. For NULL <=> NULL, the result is true. No conversion is needed. 2、If both arguments in a comparison operation are strings, they are compared as strings. 3、If both arguments are integers, they are compared as integers. 4、Hexadecimal values are treated as binary strings if not compared to a number. 5、If one of the arguments is a TIMESTAMP or DATETIME column and the other argument is a constant, the constant is converted to a timestamp before the comparison is performed. This is done to be more ODBC-friendly. This is not done for the arguments to IN(). To be safe, always use complete datetime, date, or time strings when doing comparisons. For example, to achieve best results when using BETWEEN with date or time values, use CAST() to explicitly convert the values to the desired data type. A single-row subquery from a table or tables is not considered a constant. For example, if a subquery returns an integer to be compared to a DATETIME value, the comparison is done as two integers. The integer is not converted to a temporal value. To compare the operands as DATETIME values, use CAST() to explicitly convert the subquery value to DATETIME. 6、If one of the arguments is a decimal value, comparison depends on the other argument. The arguments are compared as decimal values if the other argument is a decimal or integer value, or as floating-point values if the other argument is a floating-point value. 7、In all other cases, the arguments are compared as floating-point (real) numbers.
以上是“MySQL中隐式转换的示例分析”这篇文章的所有内容，感谢各位的阅读！希望分享的内容对大家有帮助，更多相关知识，欢迎关注创新互联行业资讯频道！
分享标题：MySQL中隐式转换的示例分析
标题路径：http://mswzjz.cn/article/ppeeps.html