利用binlog进行数据库的还原

前言：在学习MySQL备份的时候，深深的感受到mysql的备份还原功能没有oracle强大；比如一个很常见的恢复场景：基于时间点的恢复，oracle通过rman工具就能够很快的实现数据库的恢复，但是mysql在进行不完全恢复的时候很大的一部分要依赖于mysqlbinlog这个工具运行binlog语句来实现，本文档介绍通过mysqlbinlog实现各种场景的恢复；

一、测试环境说明：使用mysqlbinlog工具的前提需要一个数据库的完整性备份，所以需要事先对数据库做一个完整的备份，本文档通过mysqlbackup进行数据库的全备（mysqlbackup的使用：http://blog.itpub.net/12679300/viewspace-1329578/）；

二、测试步骤说明：

数据库的插入准备工作

2.1 在时间点A进行一个数据库的完整备份；

2.2 在时间点B创建一个数据库BKT,并在BKT下面创建一个表JOHN，并插入5条数据；

2.3 在时间点C往表JOHN继续插入数据到10条；

数据库的恢复工作

2.4 恢复数据库到时间点A,然后检查数据库表的状态；

2.5 恢复数据库到时间点B,检查相应的系统状态；

2.6 恢复数据库到时间点C，并检查恢复的状态；

三、场景模拟测试步骤（备份恢复是一件很重要的事情）

3.1 执行数据库的全备份；

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[root@mysql01 backup]# mysqlbackup --user=root --password --backup-dir=/backup backup-and-apply-log //运行数据库的完整备份

3.2 创建数据库、表并插入数据

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mysql> SELECT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP;
+---------------------+
| CURRENT_TIMESTAMP |
+---------------------+
| 2014-11-26 17:51:27 |
+---------------------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
mysql> show databases; //尚未创建数据库BKT
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| john |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.03 sec)
mysql> Ctrl-C --
Aborted
[root@mysql02 data]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \\g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.5.36-log Source distribution
Copyright (c) 2000, 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type \'help;\' or \'\\h\' for help. Type \'\\c\' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| mysql-bin.000001 | 107 | | | //当前数据库log的pos状态
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> SELECT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP; //当前的时间戳当前时间点A
+---------------------+
| CURRENT_TIMESTAMP |
+---------------------+
| 2014-11-26 17:54:12 |
+---------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> create database BKT; //创建数据库BKT
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> create table john (id varchar(32));
ERROR 1046 (3D000): No database selected
mysql> use bkt;
ERROR 1049 (42000): Unknown database \'bkt\'
mysql> use BKT;
Database changed
mysql> create table john (id varchar(32));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
mysql> insert into john values(\'1\');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> insert into john values(\'2\');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> insert into john values(\'3\');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> insert into john values(\'4\');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> insert into john values(\'5\');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> SELECT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP; //插入5条数据后数据库的时间点B，记录该点便于数据库的恢复
+---------------------+
| CURRENT_TIMESTAMP |
+---------------------+
| 2014-11-26 17:55:53 |
+---------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| mysql-bin.000001 | 1204 | | | //当前binlog的pos位置
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

3.3 设置时间点C的测试

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mysql> insert into john values(\'6\');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec)
mysql> insert into john values(\'7\');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> insert into john values(\'8\');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> insert into john values(\'9\');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> insert into john values(\'10\');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.03 sec)
mysql> show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| mysql-bin.000001 | 2125 | | |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> SELECT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP;
+---------------------+
| CURRENT_TIMESTAMP |
+---------------------+
| 2014-11-26 17:58:08 |
+---------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

3.4 以上的操作完成之后，便可以执行数据库的恢复测试

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[root@mysql02 data]# mysqlbackup --defaults-file=/backup/server-my.cnf --datadir=/data/mysql --backup-dir=/backup/ copy-back
MySQL Enterprise Backup version 3.11.0 Linux-3.8.13-16.2.1.el6uek.x86_64-x86_64 [2014/08/26]
Copyright (c) 2003, 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
mysqlbackup: INFO: Starting with following command line ...
mysqlbackup --defaults-file=/backup/server-my.cnf --datadir=/data/mysql
--backup-dir=/backup/ copy-back
mysqlbackup: INFO:
IMPORTANT: Please check that mysqlbackup run completes successfully.
At the end of a successful \'copy-back\' run mysqlbackup
prints \"mysqlbackup completed OK!\".
141126 17:59:58 mysqlbackup: INFO: MEB logfile created at /backup/meta/MEB_2014-11-26.17-59-58_copy_back.log
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Server Repository Options:
--------------------------------------------------------------------
datadir = /data/mysql
innodb_data_home_dir = /data/mysql
innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextend
innodb_log_group_home_dir = /data/mysql/
innodb_log_files_in_group = 2
innodb_log_file_size = 5242880
innodb_page_size = Null
innodb_checksum_algorithm = none
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Backup Config Options:
--------------------------------------------------------------------
datadir = /backup/datadir
innodb_data_home_dir = /backup/datadir
innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextend
innodb_log_group_home_dir = /backup/datadir
innodb_log_files_in_group = 2
innodb_log_file_size = 5242880
innodb_page_size = 16384
innodb_checksum_algorithm = none
mysqlbackup: INFO: Creating 14 buffers each of size 16777216.
141126 17:59:58 mysqlbackup: INFO: Copy-back operation starts with following threads
1 read-threads 1 write-threads
mysqlbackup: INFO: Could not find binlog index file. If this is online backup then server may not have started with --log-bin.
Hence, binlogs will not be copied for this backup. Point-In-Time-Recovery will not be possible.
141126 17:59:58 mysqlbackup: INFO: Copying /backup/datadir/ibdata1.
mysqlbackup: Progress in MB: 200 400 600
141126 18:00:22 mysqlbackup: INFO: Copying the database directory \'john\'
141126 18:00:23 mysqlbackup: INFO: Copying the database directory \'mysql\'
141126 18:00:23 mysqlbackup: INFO: Copying the database directory \'performance_schema\'
141126 18:00:23 mysqlbackup: INFO: Completing the copy of all non-innodb files.
141126 18:00:23 mysqlbackup: INFO: Copying the log file \'ib_logfile0\'
141126 18:00:23 mysqlbackup: INFO: Copying the log file \'ib_logfile1\'
141126 18:00:24 mysqlbackup: INFO: Creating server config files server-my.cnf and server-all.cnf in /data/mysql
141126 18:00:24 mysqlbackup: INFO: Copy-back operation completed successfully.
141126 18:00:24 mysqlbackup: INFO: Finished copying backup files to \'/data/mysql\'
mysqlbackup completed //数据库恢复完成

授权并打开数据库

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[root@mysql02 data]# chmod -R 777 mysql //需要授权后才能打开
[root@mysql02 data]# cd mysql
[root@mysql02 mysql]# ll
总用量 733220
-rwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 305 11月 26 18:00 backup_variables.txt
-rwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 740294656 11月 26 18:00 ibdata1
-rwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 5242880 11月 26 18:00 ib_logfile0
-rwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 5242880 11月 26 18:00 ib_logfile1
drwxrwxrwx. 2 root root 4096 11月 26 18:00 john
drwxrwxrwx. 2 root root 4096 11月 26 18:00 mysql
drwxrwxrwx. 2 root root 4096 11月 26 18:00 performance_schema
-rwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 8488 11月 26 18:00 server-all.cnf
-rwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 1815 11月 26 18:00 server-my.cnf //没有BKT数据库
[root@mysql02 mysql]# service mysqld start //启动数据库

3.5 进行数据库的恢复到时间点B

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[root@mysql02 mysql2]# pwd //备份的时候，需要备份binlog日志，之前的binlog目录为/data/mysql2
/data/mysql2
[root@mysql02 mysql2]# mysqlbinlog --start-position=107 --stop-position=1203 mysql-bin.000001| mysql -uroot -p //根据post的位置进行恢复，当前的pos位置为107，恢复到pos位置到1203
Enter password:
[root@mysql02 mysql2]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \\g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.5.36-log Source distribution
Copyright (c) 2000, 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type \'help;\' or \'\\h\' for help. Type \'\\c\' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| BKT |
| john |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.02 sec)
mysql> use BKT
Database changed
mysql> show tables;
+---------------+
| Tables_in_BKT |
+---------------+
| john |
+---------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from john;
+------+
| id |
+------+
| 1 |
| 2 |
| 3 |
| 4 |
| 5 |
+------+
5 rows in set (0.01 sec) //查看数据库恢复成功

3.6 恢复数据库到时间点C

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[root@mysql02 mysql2]# mysqlbinlog --start-date=\"2014-11-27 09:21:56\" --stop-date=\"2014-11-27 09:22:33\" mysql-bin.000001| mysql -uroot -p123456 //本次通过基于时间点的恢复，恢复到时间点C
Warning: Using unique option prefix start-date instead of start-datetime is deprecated and will be removed in a future release. Please use the full name instead.
Warning: Using unique option prefix stop-date instead of stop-datetime is deprecated and will be removed in a future release. Please use the full name instead.
[root@mysql02 mysql2]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \\g.
Your MySQL connection id is 6
Server version: 5.5.36-log Source distribution
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type \'help;\' or \'\\h\' for help. Type \'\\c\' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| BKT |
| john |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> use BKT
Database changed
mysql> select * from john;
+------+
| id |
+------+
| 1 |
| 2 |
| 3 |
| 4 |
| 5 |
| 6 |
| 7 |
| 8 |
| 9 |
| 10 |
+------+
10 rows in set (0.00 sec) //经过检查成功恢复到时间点C

四、mysqlbinlog的其他总结：以上是利用binlog文件进行基于时间点和binlog的POS位置恢复的测试，mysqlbinlog的使用还有很多功能，运行mysqlbinlog --help可以查看相应参数；

4.1 查看binlog的内容：[root@mysql02 mysql2]# mysqlbinlog mysql-bin.000001
4.2 mysqlbinlog的其他常用参数：

-h 根据数据库的IP
-P 根据数据库所占用的端口来分
-server-id 根据数据库serverid来还原（在集群中很有用）
-d 根据数据库名称

例如： [root@mysql02 mysql2]# mysqlbinlog-d BKT mysql-bin.000001//还原BKT数据库的信息

参数的组合使用：

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[root@mysql02 mysql2]# mysqlbinlog --start-date=\"2014-11-27 09:21:56\" --stop-date=\"2014-11-27 09:22:33\" -d BKT -h 127.0.0.1 /var/lib/mysql/mysql-bin.000001 ｜mysql -u root -p
#如果有多个binlog文件，用逗号隔开；

4.4 恢复是一件很重要的事情，如果不知道具体要恢复的时间点，请把binlog文件先转换成文本文件，详细查看完相应的内容再进行恢复；

[root@mysql02 mysql2]# mysqlbinlogmysql-bin.000001 > /tmp/00001.sql

总结：备份有时候永远都用不上，但是你永远也不知道什么时候会用上，正所谓养兵千日用兵一时，作为一个合格的DBA有个可用的备份，就可以做到胸有成竹；

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