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小伙伴的疑问小伙伴:监控怎么做?
我:你指的是?
小伙伴:性能指标。
我:后面会专门写这些文章。
使用JMX监控Tomcat
关于监控的文章,先写些什么呢?想来想去,我们先来写一篇使用JMX监控Tomcat的实战文章吧。好了,我们直接进入主题。
激活Tomcat的JMX远程配置
要通过JMX远程监控Tomcat,首先需要激活Tomcat的JMX远程配置。
① 修改脚本
先修改Tomcat的启动脚本,windows下为bin/catalina.bat(linux下为catalina.sh),添加以下内容,8999是jmxremote使用的端口号,第二个false表示不需要鉴权:
- set JMX_REMOTE_CONFIG=-Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.port=8999 -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.ssl=false -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.authenticate=false
- set CATALINA_OPTS=%CATALINA_OPTS% %JMX_REMOTE_CONFIG%
要注意以上语句的位置不能太后面,可以加在【if "%OS%" == "Windows_NT" setlocal】一句后的大段的注释后面。
参考官方说明:
② 鉴权
上面的配置是不需要鉴权的,如果需要鉴权则添加的内容为:
- set JMX_REMOTE_CONFIG=-Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.port=8999 -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.ssl=false -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.authenticate=true -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.password.file=../conf/jmxremote.password -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.access.file=../conf/jmxremote.access
- set CATALINA_OPTS=%CATALINA_OPTS% %JMX_REMOTE_CONFIG%
③ 复制并修改授权文件
$JAVA_HOME/jre/lib/management下有jmxremote.access和jmxremote.password的模板文件,将两个文件复制到$CATALINA_BASE/conf目录下
- monitorRole readonly
- controlRole readwrite
- monitorRole binghe
- controlRole binghe
注意:如果进行了以上步骤导致Tomcat启动不了,那么很可能是密码文件的权限问题
需要修改jmxremote.password文件的访问权限,只有运行Tomcat的用户才能拥有访问权限 :
Windows的NTFS文件系统下,选中文件,点右键 -->“属性”-->“安全”--> 点“高级”--> 点“更改权限”--> 去掉“从父项继承....”--> 弹出窗口中选“删除”,这样就删除了所有访问权限。再选“添加”--> “高级”--> “立即查找”,选中你的用户(或用户组,如果选用户不行那就选用户组),例administrator,点“确定",“确定"。来到权限项目窗口,勾选“完全控制”,点“确定”,OK了。
官方的提示
- The password file should be read-only and only accessible by the operating system user Tomcat is running as.
④验证配置
重新启动Tomcat,在Windows命令行输入“netstat -a”查看配置的端口号是否已打开,如果打开,说明上面的配置成功了。
⑤ 使用jconsole测试JMX
运行$JAVA_HOME/bin目录下的jconsole.exe,打开J2SE监视和管理控制台,然后建立连接,如果是本地的Tomcat则直接选择然后点击连接,如果是远程的,则进入远程选项卡,填写地址、端口号、用户名、口令即可连接。Mbean属性页中给出了相应的数据,Catalina中是tomcat的,java.lang是jvm的。对于加粗的黑体属性值,需双击一下才可看内容。
代码获取监控指标
- String jmxURL = "service:jmx:rmi:///jndi/rmi://192.168.10.93:8999/jmxrmi";
- JMXServiceURL serviceURL = new JMXServiceURL(jmxURL);
- Map map = new HashMap();
- // 用户名密码,在jmxremote.password文件中查看
- String[] credentials = new String[] { "monitorRole", "tomcat" };
- map.put("jmx.remote.credentials", credentials);
- JMXConnector connector = JMXConnectorFactory.connect(serviceURL, map);
- MBeanServerConnection mbsc = connector.getMBeanServerConnection();
- // 端口最好是动态取得
- ObjectName threadObjName = new ObjectName("Catalina:type=ThreadPool,name=http-8080");
- MBeanInfo mbInfo = mbsc.getMBeanInfo(threadObjName);
- // tomcat的线程数对应的属性值
- String attrName = "currentThreadCount";
- MBeanAttributeInfo[] mbAttributes = mbInfo.getAttributes();
- System.out.println("currentThreadCount:" + mbsc.getAttribute(threadObjName, attrName));
- import java.lang.management.MemoryUsage;
- import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
- import java.util.Date;
- import java.util.Formatter;
- import java.util.HashMap;
- import java.util.Iterator;
- import java.util.Map;
- import java.util.Set;
- import javax.management.MBeanAttributeInfo;
- import javax.management.MBeanInfo;
- import javax.management.MBeanServerConnection;
- import javax.management.ObjectInstance;
- import javax.management.ObjectName;
- import javax.management.openmbean.CompositeDataSupport;
- import javax.management.remote.JMXConnector;
- import javax.management.remote.JMXConnectorFactory;
- import javax.management.remote.JMXServiceURL;
- /**
- * @author binghe
- * @description JMX监控Tomcat代码实战
- */
- public class JMXTest {
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- try {
- String jmxURL = "service:jmx:rmi:///jndi/rmi://127.0.0.1:8999/jmxrmi";
- JMXServiceURL serviceURL = new JMXServiceURL(jmxURL);
- Map map = new HashMap();
- String[] credentials = new String[] { "monitorRole", "tomcat" };
- map.put("jmx.remote.credentials", credentials);
- JMXConnector connector = JMXConnectorFactory.connect(serviceURL,map);
- MBeanServerConnection mbsc = connector.getMBeanServerConnection();
- // 端口最好是动态取得
- ObjectName threadObjName = new ObjectName("Catalina:type=ThreadPool,name=http-8080");
- MBeanInfo mbInfo = mbsc.getMBeanInfo(threadObjName);
- String attrName = "currentThreadCount";// tomcat的线程数对应的属性值
- MBeanAttributeInfo[] mbAttributes = mbInfo.getAttributes();
- System.out.println("currentThreadCount:" + mbsc.getAttribute(threadObjName, attrName));
- // heap
- for (int j = 0; j < mbsc.getDomains().length; j++) {
- System.out.println("###########" + mbsc.getDomains()[j]);
- }
- Set MBeanset = mbsc.queryMBeans(null, null);
- System.out.println("MBeanset.size() : " + MBeanset.size());
- Iterator MBeansetIterator = MBeanset.iterator();
- while (MBeansetIterator.hasNext()) {
- ObjectInstance objectInstance = (ObjectInstance) MBeansetIterator.next();
- ObjectName objectName = objectInstance.getObjectName();
- String canonicalName = objectName.getCanonicalName();
- System.out.println("canonicalName : " + canonicalName);
- if (canonicalName.equals("Catalina:host=localhost,type=Cluster")) {
- // Get details of cluster MBeans
- System.out.println("Cluster MBeans Details:");
- System.out.println("=========================================");
- // getMBeansDetails(canonicalName);
- String canonicalKeyPropList = objectName.getCanonicalKeyPropertyListString();
- }
- }
- // ------------------------- system ----------------------
- ObjectName runtimeObjName = new ObjectName("java.lang:type=Runtime");
- System.out.println("厂商:"+ (String) mbsc.getAttribute(runtimeObjName, "VmVendor"));
- System.out.println("程序:"+ (String) mbsc.getAttribute(runtimeObjName, "VmName"));
- System.out.println("版本:"+ (String) mbsc.getAttribute(runtimeObjName, "VmVersion"));
- Date starttime = new Date((Long) mbsc.getAttribute(runtimeObjName,"StartTime"));
- SimpleDateFormat df = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");
- System.out.println("启动时间:" + df.format(starttime));
- Long timespan = (Long) mbsc.getAttribute(runtimeObjName, "Uptime");
- System.out.println("连续工作时间:" + JMXTest.formatTimeSpan(timespan));
- // ------------------------ JVM -------------------------
- // 堆使用率
- ObjectName heapObjName = new ObjectName("java.lang:type=Memory");
- MemoryUsage heapMemoryUsage = MemoryUsage.from((CompositeDataSupport) mbsc.getAttribute(heapObjName,"HeapMemoryUsage"));
- long maxMemory = heapMemoryUsage.getMax();// 堆最大
- long commitMemory = heapMemoryUsage.getCommitted();// 堆当前分配
- long usedMemory = heapMemoryUsage.getUsed();
- System.out.println("heap:" + (double) usedMemory * 100 / commitMemory + "%");// 堆使用率
- MemoryUsage nonheapMemoryUsage = MemoryUsage.from((CompositeDataSupport) mbsc.getAttribute(heapObjName,"NonHeapMemoryUsage"));
- long noncommitMemory = nonheapMemoryUsage.getCommitted();
- long nonusedMemory = heapMemoryUsage.getUsed();
- System.out.println("nonheap:" + (double) nonusedMemory * 100 / noncommitMemory + "%");
- ObjectName permObjName = new ObjectName("java.lang:type=MemoryPool,name=Perm Gen");
- MemoryUsage permGenUsage = MemoryUsage.from((CompositeDataSupport) mbsc.getAttribute(permObjName, "Usage"));
- long committed = permGenUsage.getCommitted();// 持久堆大小
- long used = heapMemoryUsage.getUsed();//
- System.out.println("perm gen:" + (double) used * 100 / committed + "%");// 持久堆使用率
- // -------------------- Session ---------------
- ObjectName managerObjName = new ObjectName("Catalina:type=Manager,*");
- Set
s = mbsc.queryNames(managerObjName, null); - for (ObjectName obj : s) {
- System.out.println("应用名:" + obj.getKeyProperty("path"));
- ObjectName objname = new ObjectName(obj.getCanonicalName());
- System.out.println("最大会话数:" + mbsc.getAttribute(objname, "maxActiveSessions"));
- System.out.println("会话数:" + mbsc.getAttribute(objname, "activeSessions"));
- System.out.println("活动会话数:" + mbsc.getAttribute(objname, "sessionCounter"));
- }
- // ----------------- Thread Pool ----------------
- ObjectName threadpoolObjName = new ObjectName("Catalina:type=ThreadPool,*");
- Set
s2 = mbsc.queryNames(threadpoolObjName, null); - for (ObjectName obj : s2) {
- System.out.println("端口名:" + obj.getKeyProperty("name"));
- ObjectName objname = new ObjectName(obj.getCanonicalName());
- System.out.println("最大线程数:" + mbsc.getAttribute(objname, "maxThreads"));
- System.out.println("当前线程数:" + mbsc.getAttribute(objname, "currentThreadCount"));
- System.out.println("繁忙线程数:" + mbsc.getAttribute(objname, "currentThreadsBusy"));
- }
- } catch (Exception e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- public static String formatTimeSpan(long span) {
- long minseconds = span % 1000;
- span = span / 1000;
- long seconds = span % 60;
- span = span / 60;
- long mins = span % 60;
- span = span / 60;
- long hours = span % 24;
- span = span / 24;
- long days = span;
- return (new Formatter()).format("%1$d天 %2$02d:%3$02d:%4$02d.%5$03d", days, hours, mins, seconds, minseconds).toString();
- }
- }
Tomcat9 JVM参数调优
修改配置
- #要添加在tomcat 的bin 下catalina.sh 里添加
- JAVA_OPTS="-Xms1024m -Xmx2048m -Xss2048K -XX:PermSize=128m -XX:MaxPermSize=256m"
参数说明
Tomcat 相关参数优化
连接数,线程数,缓存,修改server.xml
打开被注释的默认连接池配置。
默认配置如下所示:
修改实例:
- maxThreads="150"
- minSpareThreads="100"
- prestartminSpareThreads="true"
- maxQueueSize="100"/>
参数说明:
修改后的配置如下所示:
- connectionTimeout="20000"
- redirectPort="8443"
- executor="tomcatThreadPool"
- enableLookups="false"
- maxIdleTime="60000"
- acceptCount="100"
- maxPostSize="10485760"
- acceptorThreadCount="2"
- disableUploadTimeout="true"
- URIEncoding="utf-8"
- keepAliveTimeout ="6000"
- maxKeppAliveRequests="500"
- />
参数说明:
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